In fact
DNA and RNA are the two nucleic acid, having a wander full tendency of
inheritance. Comparative and deep study of these two molecules provides a fundamental knowledge of hereditary materiel and magic of genetics.We can also
know about the structural and functional property of nucleic acids by comparative study DNA and RNA.
Comparison
of DNA and RNA
Comparison
|
DNA
|
RNA
|
Name
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DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
|
RiboNucleic Acid
|
Function
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Long-term storage of genetic information; transmission of
genetic information to make other cells and new organisms.
|
Used to transfer the genetic code from the nucleus to the
ribosomes to make proteins. RNA is used to transmit genetic information in
some organisms and may have been the molecule used to store genetic blueprints
in primitive organisms.
|
Structural Features
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B-form double helix. DNA is a double-stranded molecule
consisting of a long chain of nucleotides.
|
A-form helix. RNA usually is a single-strand helix consisting
of shorter chains of nucleotides.
|
Composition of Bases and Sugars
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deoxyribose sugar
phosphate backbone adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine bases |
ribose sugar
phosphate backbone adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil bases |
Synthesis
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DNA is self-replicating, hence DNA is sythesized by anothar
DNA(DNA replication)
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RNA is synthesized from DNA on an as-needed basis.
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Base Pairing
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AT (adenine-thymine)-carry double H-bond
GC (guanine-cytosine)-carry triple H-bond |
AU (adenine-uracil)- carry double H-bond
GC (guanine-cytosine)- carry triple H-bond |
Reactivity
|
The C-H bonds in DNA make it fairly stable, plus the body
destroys enzymes that would attack DNA. The small grooves in the helix also
serve as protection, providing minimal space for enzymes to attach.
|
The O-H bond in the ribose of RNA makes the molecule more
reactive, compared with DNA. RNA is not stable under alkaline conditions,
plus the large grooves in the molecule make it susceptible to enzyme attack.
RNA is constantly produced, used, degraded, and recycled.
|
Ultraviolet Damage
|
DNA is susceptible to UV damage.
|
Compared with DNA, RNA is relatively resistant to UV damage.
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