History of genetics

Brif history of genetics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           mkbhelloria90@gmail.com

1665 R. Hooke Introduced the term “ cell ” and described cork cells.

1668 F. Redi Disproved the theory of spontaneous generation of maggots.

1674 A.van Leeuwenhoek Improved lens system of microscope by grinding.

1809 J.B. Lamarck Coined the word “ biology ” and stressed the importance of cell in living organisms. He put forth the theory of inheritance of acquired characters.

1824 Dutrochet Showed that all plants and animals are composed of cells.

1837 R. Brown Discovered the nucleus in cells of flowering plants.

1838 M.J. Schleiden and T. Schwann Formulated the cell theory in plants and animals.

1840 J.E. Purkinj Gave the term “ protoplasm ”.

1846 K. Nageli Showed that plant cells arise from the division of preexisting cells.

1858 R. Virchow Showed that animal cells arise from the division of preexisting cells.

1859 C. Darwin Put forth the theory of natural selection.

1862 Kolliker Used the term “ cytoplasm ”for the living material surrounding the nucleus.

1865 G. Mendel Developed the fundamental principles of inheritance

.

1875 E. Strasburger Discovered cell division in plants and gave the terms “cytoplasm ” and “ nucleoplasm ”.

1881 E.G. Balbiani Discovered giant chromosomes in salivary glands of Drosophila.

1882 W. Flemming Coined the term “ mitosis ” .

1888 W. Waldeyer Coined the term “ chromosomes ”.

1898 C. Golgi Described the golgi apparatus in nerve cells.

1898 C. Benda Discovered mitochondria in spermatozoa and other cells.

1899 S. Altman Introduced the term “ nucleic acid ”.

1900 Correns, De Vries and Tschermak Re-discovered Mendel’s laws of inheritance.

1902 McClung Identified sex chromosomes in bugs.

1902 H. de Vries Coined the term “ mutation

1905 Farmer and Moore Coined the term “ meiosis ”.

1906 W. Bateson Coined the term “ Genetics ”and proposed the concept

of allele.

1906 W.L. Johannsen Coined the terms “gene”, “genotype” and “phenotype”.

1910 T.H. Morgan Studied crossing over and recombination in Drosophila

and coined the term “ crossing over ”.

1910 H. Nilsson-Ehle Proposed the multiple factor hypothesis.

1915 T.H. Morgan Correlated genetic studies with cytological studies. He

put forth the theory of linkage and studied sex linked

inheritance in Drosophila melanogaster.

1917 C.E. Allen Discovered sex determination in plants.

1921 Banting and Best Isolated insulin.

1928 F. Griffith Conducted experiments on transformations in Diplococcus

pneumonia.

1931 C. Stern Gave cytological proof for crossing over in Drosophila.

1931 Creighton and McClintock Gave cytological proof for crossing over in maize.

1932 M. Knoll and E. Ruska Developed the electron microscope.

1944 O.T. Avery,C.M. MacLeod and M. McCarty Explained the significance of DNA and proved that it is the genetic material.

1948 K.R. Porter Described the endoplasmic reticulum.

1950 B. McClintock Discovered jumping genes in maize.

1953 Watson,Crick and Wilkins Proposed the double helix model for DNA molecule.

1955 C. DeDuve Coined the term “ lysosomes ”.

1958 Beadle,Tatum and J. Lederberg Put forth the one gene – one enzyme hypothesis.

1958 F.H.C. Crick Explained the central dogma of molecular biology.

1961 Jacob and Monod Explained the genetic regulatory mechanism in protein

synthesis – Operon concept.

1968 Nirenberg ,Khorana and Holley Deciphered the genetic code and polynucleotide synthesis.