INTRODUCTION
As our understanding of bilogical sciences increases, We wish to produce more and more usefull and economical products. Discovery of biotechonology creat a good relationship of biological sciences with economics. Now we are able to produce various Commercial Biologial Product(CBP). In this chapter we will try to understand the fundamentals of biotechnology.
A biotechnologist introducing biological food products
The term Biotechnology was coined by karl Ereky a Hungarian engineer in 1919. Biotechnology arose with the fussion of biology with technology. According to organization for economic cooperation and development(OECD-1981) “Biotechnology is the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of materials by biological agents to provide goods and services”. It is a multidisplinatory branch of science which includs Microbiology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Genetics, Molecular biology, Immunology and Physiology.
Man began employing microorganisms as early as in 5000 B.C for making wine vinegar curd etc. All these processes which are based on the natural capabilities of microorganisms are
commonly considered as old biotechnology. The development of recombinant technology
allowed to modify microorganisms and other organisms to create in them highly valuable,
novel and naturally non-existing capabilities. Eg:- The human gene producing Insulin has
been transferred and expressed in bacterium like E.coli and it is being used in management of
Diabetes. Crop varieties and animal breeds with entirely new and highly useful traits are being
created with the help of recombinant DNA technology and Genetic Engineering which constitute tha modern Biotechnology.
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